'For' is used with a period of time. 'Since' with a specific point in time.

'Disinterested' = impartial/neutral. Not to be confused with 'uninterested' (not interested).

'Electorate' = all people entitled to vote in an election.

'Animal Farm' is George Orwell's famous allegorical novella (1945).

'Alternative to' is the correct expression.

'Unique' starts with 'y' sound (consonant) so 'a unique'. Also absolute adjective — no 'very/most'.

'Cannot afford to do something' = don't have enough money/means.

'One of the' + superlative + plural noun → 'busiest cities'.

Past perfect (had written) for earlier action; past simple (retired) for later action after 'before'.

'By telephone' is the standard expression for communicating via phone.

'Precedence' = priority in rank or importance.

'Rise' is intransitive. Prices go up by themselves → 'rising'.

'Get along with someone' = have a harmonious relationship; to adjust to each other.

From Percy Bysshe Shelley's 'Ode to the West Wind'.

Adding '-en' to adjective 'short' gives verb 'shorten' = to make shorter.

Antonym analogy: light↔dark cold↔hot.

'Prefer X to Y' — 'to' is the correct preposition with 'prefer'.

Third Conditional: 'would have + past participle' → 'if + past perfect'. Correct: 'if the bridge had broken'.

'Bring to pass' = to make something happen or occur.

'Made from' when material is chemically transformed (wood → pulp → paper). 'Made of' when material is still recognizable.