A preposition is followed by a noun or pronoun. In sentence (c) 'like' is followed by 'a cat' showing manner. In (b) 'like' is a conjunction followed by a clause.

Here 'following' means 'after' or 'as a result of' and functions as a preposition connecting 'died' with 'the incident'.

The gerund phrase 'Writing a diary' acts as the subject of the verb 'is'. A gerund phrase functioning as a subject is a noun phrase.

'Injured' is a participle adjective describing 'he'. The sentence means "He was injured and lay on the ground groaning."

The idiom 'by and large' means 'in general' or 'on the whole'.

The phrasal verb 'to go back on' means to fail to keep a promise. 'Withdrew' is the closest synonym meaning he took back his promise.

This idiom means to reveal a secret usually by mistake.

The infinitive phrase 'to depend on' modifies the noun 'man' describing what kind of man he is. A phrase modifying a noun acts as an adjective phrase.

The clause 'that he will be a B.C.S cadre' explains or is in apposition to the noun 'dream'. A clause functioning as an appositive to a noun is a noun clause.

A simple sentence has one independent clause. Sentence (d) has one subject 'I' and one finite verb 'saw'. Sentences (a) and (b) are complex and (c) is compound.

The simple sentence is correctly converted using an adjective clause 'who is corrupt' to modify 'man' while maintaining the original meaning.

The positive form uses 'as...as' structure maintaining singular 'player' and 'is'. Option (a) correctly rephrases the comparative question.

The verb 'avoid' is followed by a gerund. Since the submarine is being seen (passive) the passive gerund 'being seen' is required.

The preposition 'of' is followed by a gerund. 'He' is the one who would be arrested so the passive gerund 'being arrested' is correct.

The speaker is uncertain about the identity of the person. 'Might be' expresses possibility or uncertainty fitting the context.

'For ten years' indicates a period from the past continuing to now. The present perfect 'have known' is used with stative verbs like 'know' for such duration.

'Swirls through' means to move in a twisting pattern within an area. 'Through' best captures the movement of snow filling and moving within the entire valley.

'Across the street' means on the other side of the street. This is the most idiomatic expression.

When reporting verb is present perfect the reported speech tense may not change for future events. 'Said to' becomes 'told'. Pronouns change correctly in option (b).

Option (a) correctly uses preposition 'by' followed by gerund phrase 'switching off...' to show the method or means of action.