The Jacobean period coincides with the reign of James I of England (1603–1625) following the Elizabethan era.

'Retired' is a past participle used as an adjective modifying the noun 'officer'.

'Concerned in' means to be involved or to have a part in something like a plot or conspiracy.

This expresses a scientific fact (zero conditional). General truths use simple present tense.

'Frugal' means economical with money. Its opposite 'spendthrift' means someone who spends money wastefully.

'Take the bull by the horns' means to face a difficult or dangerous situation directly and bravely.

'Money' is uncountable. 'A little' is used with uncountable nouns for a small amount.

'Though' introduces contrast. In compound sentences this contrast is shown with 'but'.

These lines are from Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" describing the mariner's loneliness.

This is the opening of "The Canonization" by metaphysical poet John Donne.

'Had better' + base form of verb (without 'to'). No past tense needed.

'Down' modifies the verb 'went' indicating direction. It functions as an adverb of place.

'It is + adjective + to + verb' → 'Subject + is + adjective + to be + past participle'.

John Milton wrote the epic "Paradise Lost". Shakespeare wrote plays and sonnets not epics.

Euphemism is using a mild or indirect expression instead of a harsh one (e.g. 'passed away' instead of 'died').

'Mutton' is the name of a type of meat — a material noun (substance from which things are made).

When a verb ending in '-ing' is used as the subject of a sentence it is a gerund.

Distributive pronouns (each either neither) refer to persons or things one at a time.

Arnold Browning and Tennyson were Victorian poets. Alexander Pope was of the Augustan Age (early 18th century).

'Verbose' means using more words than needed. A speech with too many words is verbose.